The end of this series is not the end of this exploration. Looking into the historical influences of religion on cuisine has made me more curious about what modern influences shape the choices we make today in an increasingly global society. It also feels, to me, that in an increasingly chaotic world, the small decisions we make for ourselves are even more important.
I discovered an unexpected vegetarian paradise in China when I traveled there in the summer of 2008. With vegetable-heavy cuisine influenced by ingredient availability and long tradition of religious practices that encourage a plant-based diet, I rarely had to worry about what I could eat. While there I learned about China’s long and skillful tradition of mock meat dishes, of which I took full advantage.
Indian food has been a staple for me as a vegetarian, but dairy plays a big role in Indian cuisine, so I was unsure about turning to this part of the world for this series on veganism. It turns out that many Indian recipes are actually vegan or vegan friendly, in part because of the wide availability of plant-based ingredients across the country.
The world’s oldest monotheistic religion, Zoroastrianism, influenced the others we’ve already covered in this series: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. However, with more of a focus on ethical behavior than prescribed actions, the guidelines of this ancient religion leave a lot of room for interpretation. “Everything in moderation” and religious tolerance went hand in hand with centuries of peace and prosperity in the Persian Empire.
While I have some friends and colleagues who are Muslim, I knew little of the religion’s general food restrictions beyond pork and alcohol. With Islam currently practiced by 2 billion people across the globe, it seemed like a perfect opportunity to examine the overlap between halal (“legal”) and vegan foods. Interestingly, many highly Muslim countries already had vegan or vegan-friendly cuisines to start.
My knowledge of the Eastern Orthodox church is limited, aside from their fantastic food festivals and some basic history about their split with Catholicism in 1054. Given their continued practice of strict fasts throughout the year, countries with ties to this church have developed some delicious (and even indulgent) vegan-friendly dishes. I happily produced a delicious Georgian recipe in my own kitchen.
Coming into 2026 I wanted to make a concerted effort to eat less dairy. Coming into Lent, I was curious to learn more about how religion has influenced one of my favorite vegan-friendly cuisines: Italian. Not all heavily Catholic countries lend themselves to plant-based diets, so I’m kicking off a Lenten exploration of culinary adaptations to religious limitations (and religious adaptations to culinary limitations).
I was thrilled to discover that a friend in Germany baked the same Christmas cookies my family has for generations. The popular origin story of the cookie has been debunked by food historians, but what’s far more interesting is how beloved recipes persist with only small variations across centuries and continents. With no kids to receive my family recipes, I’m starting to share them.
Giving up animal products entirely may not be a feasible option for many of us, but more people are eating less meat and cheese – and really making it count when they do. While I may never be a full vegan, it is important to me that I try to match my behaviors to my values, and that means eating less cheese more often.
Foraging can be risky business, especially when the ingredients in question contain toxins. With that said, I generally have fun cooking with invasive or aggressive plants from my garden, and milkweed was no exception. I recently learned more about this versatile plant and its historic medicinal applications while learning how to cook the seed pods that start to appear mid-summer.